Reflection 30/01/20
Lucy and Tim introduced Part 3 of the course today. Firstly, Lucy made us do some exercises to do with past briefs to help us with writing our own brief for this project. Working in a group of 3, we had to complete various tasks:
Task 1 made us think of 10 words we associated with each Part 2 brief. This was quickfire and we jotted down the words that first sprung to mind; the short timescale meant we didn't overthink things, which is definitely a problem of mine!
For task 2, we focused on 3 briefs of our choice, identifying the subject, process and aim for each. This made us identify and distinguish between ideas/concepts, methodology and purpose/impact; all things we must consider when writing our own briefs.
Task 3 built upon what we had learned during task 2 and we had to create our own brief (not necessarily what our actual brief would be on!) While this wasn't very detailed, it did help us get into the mindset of writing our own briefs, something we are going to have to do very soon.
Lucy and Tim then gave us a presentation on Commune, another essential element of Part 3. As far as I'm aware, this time spent together in a group will give us chance to start to develop our final projects, carrying out primary research and collecting varying viewpoints. As an exercise, our hands were tied together in a group of 3 and we were asked to make a paper aeroplane, with each person in the group making a fold one after the other. The exercise was meant to highlight how working together as a team is so important as well as communicating a clear message - many groups appointed a leader to direct how the plane should be made, in case someone didn't know how to make one or had a different way of making one.
Today's workshops served an excellent introduction to Part 3 - I have started to think about what I would like to focus on for my project and commune day.
Personal Project Proposal / Section 1 Draft 05/02/20
What were the different ways you were asked to work for the Part 2 projects and the different skills introduced?
Part 2 included many different ways of working:
- interactive installations
- observational drawing
- large-scale drawing
- screen printing
- stop-motion animation
- video editing
- digital printing & replication
- bookbinding
- differing illustration styles
Which methods of working were most suited to your interests and abilities?
I think I was most suited to the printmaking activities; while fairly new to the process, my illustrative style works well in print as it looks like it could have been linocut already. Learning to prepare a positive for print will stand me in good stead as I will now also be able to include more detail in prints that I wouldn't be able to achieve by using a plate or stencil. I enjoyed working on a large scale for the mural project because again, I have quite a graphic style, producing a very clean, bold piece of work. The publication project also allowed me to try out a different drawing style to my usual work and I did enjoy learning methods of bookbinding, particularly the 4 hole Japenese Stab Bind and concertina styles.
What did you learn about your own creative process and visual language from the 6 projects and different ways of working?
I have learnt that I have a fairly distinctive, simple graphic illustrative style already, which worked well across the majority of the projects. However, the projects also pushed me to experiment and step out of my comfort zone - many of them required a video outcome so I had to rapidly learn how to use certain animation software, such as Premiere Pro. This proved a challenge but ultimately I was happy with my video outcomes (particularly Kamishibai as I still managed to incorporate drawing into it!)
How did the context of the work change the way it engaged an audience?
What were the different notions of aims and success that you applied to your work?
Proposed Research Sources 12/02/20
Artists/Practitioners:
Sophy Hollington, Gertrude Abercrombie, Henry Fuseli, Francisco Goya, John Runciman, John Downman, William Blake, George Romney, John British Dixon, James Gillray, Martin Le Franc, Albrecht Dürer, Frans Francken the Younger, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, John William Waterhouse, Hilma af Klint, Remedios Varo, Frances F. Denny, L, Pam Grossman, WITCH, Georgia Horgan, Issy Wood, Linda Stupart, Athena Papadopoulos, Sophie Jung, Rachel Rose, Guerilla Girls, Benjamin West, John Pettie, Wright Barker, Salvator Rosa, Jan van de Velde II, The Cosmic Feminist, War and Peas, Andy Warhol, Princess Nokia, Daniel Gardner, Xenobia Bailey, Jala Wahid, Tin Can Forest, Claire Prouvost, Marylou Faure, Lauren Smyth, She Is Angry, Flo Illustrations, Wankers of the World, Studio Bon, Spooky Girl Art, Taynee Tinsley, Kathleen Neeley, Alice Chevalier, Vanessa Morais, Kindred & Hellbound
Books/Publications:
Hodges, K. (2020). Warriors, Witches, Women: Mythology's Fiercest Females. London: White Lion Publishing.
Johnson, P. (2008). The Little People: Fairies, Elves, Nixies, Pixies, Knockers, Dryads & Dwarves. Somerset: Wooden Books Ltd.
Orbach, S. (1978 and 1982). Fat Is A Feminist Issue. London: Arrow Books.
Russo, M. (1994). The Female Grotesque: Risk, Excess and Modernity. New York and London: Routledge.
Scott, S. (2019) Witchbody. Newburyport: Weiser Books.
Sollée, K. (2017). Witches, Sluts, Feminists: Conjuring The Sex Positive. Berkeley: ThreeL Media.
Walker, T. (2019). Wonderful Things. London: V&A Publishing.
Websites:
Cohen, A. (2019). Why Artists Have Been Enchanted by Witchcraft for Centuries. [online] Artsy. Available at: https://www.artsy.net/article/alina-cohen-artists-enchanted-witchcraft-centuries [Accessed 12th Feb. 2020].
Doyle, S. (2019) Monsters, Men and Magic: Why Feminists Turned to Witchcraft to Oppose Trump. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/07/monsters-men-magic-trump-awoke-angry-feminist-witches [Accessed 5th Feb. 2020].
Elephant, (2018). Witch, Please! The Art of the Occult. [online] Available at: https://elephant.art/witch-please/ [Accessed 23rd Feb. 2020].
France 24, (2019). Witches Were the First Feminists. [online] Available at: https://www.france24.com/en/20190702-witches-were-first-feminists-says-paris-haute-couture-star [Accessed 20th Feb. 2020].
Gipson, F. (2019). Art Matters Podcast: The Art History of Witches. [online] Art UK. Available at: https://artuk.org/discover/stories/art-matters-podcast-the-art-history-of-witches [Accessed 20th Feb. 2020].
Grossman, P. (2019). The 13 Fiercest Feminist Witches in Modern Literature. [online] Electric Lit. Available at: https://electricliterature.com/13-fiercest-feminist-witches-in-modern-literature/ [Accessed 12th Feb. 2020].
Guadagnino, K. (2018). The Witch Continues to Enchant as a Feminist Symbol. [online] The New York Times Style Magazine. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/31/t-magazine/witch-feminist-symbol.html [Accessed 20th Feb. 2020].
Holson, L. (2019) Witches Are Having Their Hour. [online] The New York Times. Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/style/pam-grossman-witch-feminism.html [Accessed 12th Feb. 2020].
Jeffreys, T. (2018). The Return of the Witch in Contemporary Culture. [online] Frieze. Available at: https://frieze.com/article/return-witch-contemporary-culture [Accessed 24th Feb. 2020].
Jones, J. (2012). Witches Have Always Cast a Wicked Spell Over Art. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2012/dec/17/witches-wicked-bodies-exhibition [Accessed 23rd Feb. 2020].
Kelly, K. (2017). Are Witches the Ultimate Feminists? [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jul/05/witches-feminism-books-kristin-j-sollee [Accessed 5th Feb. 2020].
Quaglia, S. (2019). Women Are Invoking the Witch to Find Their Power in a Patriarchal Society. [online] Quartz. Available at: https://qz.com/1739043/the-resurgence-of-the-witch-as-a-symbol-of-feminist-empowerment/ [Accessed 12th Feb. 2020].
Scott, I. (2016). Why Witchcraft Is Making a Comeback in Art. [online] Artsy. Available at: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-why-witchcraft-is-making-a-comeback-in-art [Accessed 12th Feb. 2020].
Visits/Exhibitions:
- Vagina Museum - “Muff Busters: Vagina Myths And How To Fight Them”
-
Tate Britain - “Gothic Nightmares: Fuseli, Blake and the Romantic Imagination: Room 5 (Witches and Apparitions)”
-
Tate Modern - “Media Networks: Feminism and Media: Room 4”
-
Watkins Books
-
Treadwell’s Books
Reflection 01/03/20
I went to a garden centre today to try and source materials for both my large-scale and small-scale installations. I managed to find some little plant pots that strongly resemble cauldrons so they will be useful for the small-scale outcome (burning the witches over a cauldron, rather than at the stake?) Still haven't managed to find brooms yet so may have to order them online.
Reflection 03/03/20
I decided to visit Watkins Books again today to look for further inspiration for my project, as well as collect small, flat objects I could use for the basic printmaking workshop tomorrow.
I also started on my illustration of Theresa May. I am using Procreate on my iPad to create the drawings and have now settled on a muted green palette for the witch's skin colour, which I will use across the illustrations. I am focusing on the faces first, to capture more detail and will draw the bodies later on.
Reflection 04/03/20
Ignacia and Umberto led a basic printmaking workshop today. Using flat items, we had to create a design that would be relief printed across 4 panels. I had brought a few items with me: a dreamcatcher and a couple of charms from an occult shop, as well as matchsticks. The dreamcatcher and charm were too thick to work with the print press so I worked mainly with the matchsticks but was able to improvise, using the feathers from the dream catcher, as well as the string. I also experimented with vinyl gloves from the print room and felt from the uni shop. I came up with a few different designs but felt my 'burning at the stake' design was the strongest. Umberto used bluetac to help me create an imprint of my skeleton charm so it could be printed - overall I was happy with how the prints came out but I may tidy up the designs on photoshop later.
Reflection 08/03/20
I have now finished the Hillary Clinton drawing but decided to do a second version as still wasn't completely happy with it - might be because I have drawn her smiling instead of the usual smirk she has. This is the progress of the second illustration:
I dislike this second version more than the first; somehow I have lost even more of Hillary's likeness. I think I will use the first version but I am glad I gave it a second go. I have also started on the illustration of Margaret Thatcher.
Reflection 11/03/20
I had a tutorial with Umberto to discuss the next part of my project. While I had chosen to spend more time than the allotted amount on my 'Shaping Shapes' outcomes, I still needed to think ahead beyond this part of the project. I have been playing with the idea of creating a tarot deck, an idea which Umberto supported. He suggested I research 'tarot of marseille' and the artist 'David Gentleman'. We decided that a 23 card deck would be sufficient (the 21 cards of the major arcana + The Fool + a title card). I could even tie in the '3 Witches' illustrations I have already made into a merchandising strategy for the cards.
After my tutorial I went to Marble Arch to shoot my large-scale outcome for 'Shaping Shapes'. While lifesize cardboard cutouts would probably be the most effective way to create this, time and cost restrictions meant I would just have to use masks instead, as well as a broom I had managed to source. I would have to shoot 3 photos and then edit them together into a final composition. I set up a tripod to try and keep the camera in the same position while I wore each mask and posed with the broom. However, it was fairly windy so the tripod kept blowing over, so the photos were all different positions/angles etc. which will make the editing process a bit harder.
Reflection 16/03/20
Today was probably the last day on campus this year - we were called in for a talk about the unraveling coronavirus pandemic and how it would affect our studies. Everything is now moving online and no one is actually sure of how our work will continue/be assessed. I had a final tutorial with Umberto, discussing how I can continue my project working from home - hopefully, my project will be only be disrupted a little bit (mainly not being able to print anything because I won't have access to the print studio). I am confident I will still be able able to fulfill my original proposal.
I went home after my tutorial and continued to work on my small-scale outcome for 'Shaping Shapes' - I have now finished this and I am very pleased with how it has turned out. If I were to change anything, I would possibly use more natural-looking sticks (such as ones found in a park) to create the stakes as the dowel is a bit on the thin side.
Reflection 22/03/20
I finally got round to analysing my questionnaire data today. I received 25 fully answered questionnaires and the balance between male and female respondents was fairly equal (11 males, 13 females, 1 other) - the data shouldn't be skewed in any particular direction. Here is a brief overview of the analysis (full analysis available in QUESTIONNAIRE / ANALYSIS section):
- Unsurprisingly, most people viewed being called 'a witch' as negative as opposed to a positive (19:5 respectively).
- The top 3 words that came to mind when I said 'witch' were: broomstick (12), spells (8) and cauldron (7).
- The top 3 words that came to mind when I said 'feminist' were equality (14), strong (11) and women (10).
- The top 3 people that came to mind when I said 'witch' were Sabrina Spellman (10), Hermione Granger (7) and Mother Shipton (3).
- The top 3 commonalities between people drawings of what they perceive to be a witch were hat (17), broom (14) and pointy nose (12).
- The most common familiar people would have was again, unsurprisingly, a cat.
This data will help me to create further illustrations, in addition to the collage created from everyone's drawings.
Reflection 23/03/20
Today I focused getting my sketchbook up to date, as well as conducting further research for 'Tarot'.
Reflection 25/03/20
Today, I worked on the second mini brief we had been set, 'Shadows'. The first thing that sprung to mind was one of my outcomes for 'Scale' last week - when photographing the 'Shaping Shapes' small-scale installation the silhouettes of the '3 witches' had cast some interesting shadows. However, I had not been happy with the backdrop (it hand just been a dark wooden door) so the shadows had not been as obvious/pronounced as they could have been. I set about creating a makeshift studio out of plain white mountboards so I would have a clean, uncluttered backdrop and started to move the elements of the installation around to create new positions for the shadows. Luckily, it was very sunny today, with lots of strong, natural light beaming through the window so I didn't have to use an artificial light source. I started to just photograph the installation by itself but I felt I should experiment with the shadows a bit more - I printed off 'WOMAN + POWER = WITCH' and cut the letters out. I then held this over the installation to create an outcome. I also came up with some more abstract compositions, keeping some of the pink of the cutout in the photos.
I also had another idea for 'Scale'. As I had been shooting near the windows, I thought this could be a creative way to display my installations on a large-scale - with one witch's face in each window. I used the tiling method again - my poor printer got through a ton of ink and paper!
Reflection 30/03/20
I finished the final illustration from the questionnaire analysis today. I trialled lots of different colours for the background (you can see some of the options in the 'QUESTIONNAIRE / OUTCOMES' section) but ultimately I went for a muted grey/brown colour as I felt it made the green of the face pop more, as well as the red of the wart.
Reflection 31/03/20
I have finally finished all outstanding outcomes and sketchbook work - yay! - so I can fully devote myself to the 'Tarot' project now. I have refreshed myself with the research I have done so far and think I need to look deeper into the meaning of each card as well as the usual iconography before I can start sketching properly. I have had some ideas for certain cards but, as a whole, I have decided that I definitely don't want to use the standard style of the Tarot de Marseille deck. I aim to develop my own simple but bold graphic style and use a limited palette consisting of white, black and 3 other colours only.
Reflection 05/04/20
The final thing I have to consider before sketching my design is the central character design - the cards need to be consistent so they feel cohesive as a deck. I started off with an all-black silhouette design but this felt overly simple so my next sketch incorporated white as well. The character was two-toned and completely angular (with exception of the eyes). I liked the simplicity of this design (could work nicely as a logo) but I think adding hands, legs and feet will give me more freedom with each illustration. I tested curves on the new design but I think the angular lines are appealing to me more. I am pretty happy with the witch's body on my 4th design but the eyes are completely wrong and don't fit with the style, so I changed them to simple dots on the next version and small holes/circles on the one after that. My character was nearly complete but the wart on the nose bothered me now. I tried making it angular but that looked stupid too so I removed it altogether. I am finally happy with the 8th iteration of my witch so tomorrow I should be ready to start sketching designs for each card!
Reflection 10/04/20
I created my first tarot card designs today: 'The Fool', 'The Magician' and 'The High Priestess'.
- The Fool - the usual iconography for this card shows the fool walking off a cliff, with a small dog at his feet and the sun often features. I chose to keep these main elements in my design but instead of walking off the cliff, the witch is flying off the cliff, barely hanging to her broom, and I have also replaced the dog with a cat (a more common witch's familiar).
- The Magician - the Rider-Waite design features a raised hand, holding a baton, an infinity symbol, as well as a table displaying a cup, a coin, and a sword - all elements I chose to incorporate in my design as well. Instead of a baton though, I have changed it to a magic wand (another witch stereotype).
- The High Priestess - my design features black and white pillars, a headdress, a cross, and a crescent moon - all standard tarot tropes. The moon is often associated with witchcraft anyway so seemed apt but I didn't include every element from the usual high priestess cards. She is often depicted in a blue robe but this did not fit with my colour scheme. I also inverted the cross, as that could be interpreted as a sign of the anti-christ, instead of Christianity.
Overall, I am pleased with my progress today. The cards appear cohesive; the colours work well together and the illustration style suits the font.
Reflection 14/04/20
I completed 'The Hermit', 'Wheel of Fortune' and 'Justice' cards today. The design choices behind these cards are as follows:
- The Hermit - this card was particularly inspired by the tale of Mother Shipton (the subject of my outcome for the Part 2 project, 'Kamishibai', and the original focal point for my project proposal!) I wanted to draw her coming out of her cave, as in the folklore, but also included a hooded robe and a lantern: tarot staples.
- Wheel of Fortune - naturally, my initial thoughts went straight to a wheel (I wonder why...) 'Wheel of Fortune' sounds positive but it doesn't necessarily have to be, so I chose to draw a 'Wheel of Death': a popular knife-throwing act at a circus or carnival. It could be viewed as akin to medieval witch torture methods?
- Justice - this was the more obvious choice to display the historical treatment of women/witches. Women were put on trial and accused of witchcraft, often because they were intelligent or read a lot (as is the case with Martha Corey in 'The Crucible'). The women did not get a fair trial and were punished - dunking was a method used to determine whether someone was a witch or not. There was no justice: if they drowned, they weren't a witch; but if they survived, they were and would be put to death anyway.
Reflection 18/04/20
I'm ending the weekend having completed 'The Tower' and 'The Star' cards.
- The Tower - I immediately thought of Rapunzel, trapped in a tall tower by an evil witch when planning 'The Tower' card. I also incorporated some of the card staples: lightning and fire.
- The Star - following Rider-Waite tarot iconography, 'The Star' features a naked woman kneeling, pouring liquid from 2 jugs into a small pool of water and on land. The design is also made up of 1 large star, surrounded by 7 smaller stars. I made the liquid red in my design, changing the water into streams of blood.
Reflection 22/04/20
I started on revisions to some of my cards today - I updated 'The Lovers' and 'The Chariot' as they were an easy fix. The side-by-side comparisons are below (new design on the right):
The extra hearts on 'The Lovers' balances out the design, while also filling the space and the diagonal clouds on 'The Chariot' does create a more dynamic composition, engaging the eye and leading it through the design.
Exercises / Lucy's Workshop 30/01/20
Reflection 05/02/20
Today I continued on with planning my project. We had to conduct a peer review in class which I found particularly challenging due to fact I had yet to really settle on a topic for my project. I think I am focusing too much on what methods I will be using to create work, as well as what my final piece will be, as opposed to what subject I will be exploring. It was interesting to hear Yana's responses when I asked her the same questions and made me think more about choosing a topic I am genuinely interested in - it doesn't necessarily have to be overly serious. I am going to try to not get too hung up on how I'm going to visualise it at this stage.
Personal Project Proposal / Section 2 Draft 06/02/20
Personal Project Proposal Section 2 prompts
Working Project Title: 'Witch, Please.'
Which of the Part 2 pathway projects are you intending to extend?
Kamishibai - my previous project focused on the subject of folktales, more specifically the tale of Mother Shipton, a famous soothsayer and prophetess.
How will you adapt and extend your investigation?
Mother Shipton was depicted as an old crone, with many saying she was a witch. I aim to extend my investigation by taking a more comprehensive look at witches and how the term has been used to demonise women over the years, both in terms of physical appearance and intelligence. By linking feminism and witchcraft, I hope to discover whether the perception of the word is changing and whether it can be used as a form of female empowerment.
What is the intention of your project? i.e who are you communicating to and what effect might you realistically aim to achieve with your work?
I aim for this project to communicate some of the issues faced by women in overly patriarchal societies with the hope of reclaiming the term 'witch' as a form of female empowerment, instead of a way to demean and criticise strong women.
How does this relate to your chosen area of design or art practice?
As an illustration and printmaking student, I think there will be many interesting visual routes this project could take, from looking at historical tales and the female grotesque to how witches are portrayed in current pop culture.
Commune / Day 1 Reflection 17/02/20
Today was the first day of commune and Georgia was in charge of our activities. We met at King Cross station before heading to Georgia's student halls. Georgia's project is on 'Habits & Compulsions' so we started by writing down 5 habits and compulsions we had ourselves before having a discussion and categorising them (habit, compulsion or grey area). It was interesting to see how our definitions of the terms varied but slightly worrying how many personal examples I could think of (I wrote way more than 5!)
After the initial discussion, we went for our 1 hour 'Walk + Talk' and Hampstead Heath. This gave us the chance to discuss some of these habits in more detail and decide upon which we would focus on for the afternoon's photoshoot. We chose 3 ideas which we thought could make interesting visuals: hair twiddling, tea drinking, and needing to go to the toilet when you know you can't. While the primary aim of the day was to help Georgia with her work, this walk actually served as inspiration for my project too - we came across some spooky looking trees which I thought could be very good for a witchy photoshoot in the woods!
Our afternoon was taken up by our 3 photoshoot for our chosen habits. I was the model for the first shoot where we hoped to capture hair twiddling. I just had to mess with my hair, like I do when I'm nervous and Georgia would hopefully capture the movement in her photos. I think a long exposure shot could would well for this but we didn't have the right equipment with us. The toilet photoshoot was fairly easy to complete; Georgia was just taking a photo of every toilet we came across and would put together a collage at the end. The tea photoshoot was the most fun though. We bought fruit teas from the shops and placed them in semi-transparent cups to create colourful effects (using different teas and different water dilution to create variation). Luckily the room we shooting in had lots of natural light to create interesting shadows but we also used a reflector in some shots to change the intesity and position of the shadows.
The whole day was a success, with each of us learning more about the other and helping to visualise each other's thoughts and ideas.
Reflection 20/02/20
After a successul three Commune days, I started some further research into my subject today. I also decided that I would like to extend my research base for my questionnaire - I made my flatmates fill it out, as well as lots of my friends and family. I even posted it on my Instagram and was shocked that I actually got responses from strangers! I aim to analyse the questionnaire to find commonalities between people's perceptions of witches, as well as creating a collage from everyone's drawings.
Reflection 21/02/20
Today consisted of more of the same from yesterday; asking more people to answer my questionnaire and chasing up people to send back their responses. I started to collate the ones I had got back to make it easier to analyse at a later date. It was fascinating to see how much people's answers varied, as well as finding similarities. There were also some very 'choice' drawings - definitely not all art students (plenty of stick figure witches coming in)! From a first glance, most people were going for the stereotypical ugly, old green witch, which made me glad that I had drawn a more modern, younger witch.
Reflection 24/02/20
I had to do my Commune Presentation this morning - a challenge considering the other members of my group weren't there as they are in a different pathway! The presentation as a whole went well but I always get nervous when I have to stand up and talk in front of everyone. Watching everyone else's presentations was informative - I was particularly interested in seeing what topics people had picked for their projects but luckily no one seemed to be doing the same as me (thank god!) Lots of people had actually traveled outside of London for their Commune and I was a bit jealous of those who had gone to Brighton!
After the presentions, Umberto introduced us to the next part of the project, 'Shaping Shapes'. The project will require us to explore and investigate the use of a public space for engaging an audience and communicating a message. We started to discuss ideas around audiences and locations for such a project - it is important to consider age, gender, nationality, political affiliations, class, time, type of interaction, amongst other factors when making projects like this.
Reflection 26/02/20
I have not been feeling very well today so have not been able to do any work. I will catch up with work missed when I'm feeling better.
Reflection 27/02/20
I still felt a bit ill this morning but felt a lot better this afternoon. I just continued to work on 'Shaping Shapes', as well as getting my sketchbook up to date with everything from Commune. I have the publication exhibition tonight at the Fedrigoni Creative Space and looking forward to seeing everyone's work - might serve as inspiration for creating a final outcome for this project.
Reflection 02/03/20
This morning, we had to present our 'Shaping Shapes' idea and experiments to the rest of our class. I had made a make-shift 'stake' out of a pencil and placed it in the cauldron pot to give the impression of what the small-scale installation might look like and also showed my sketchbook work detailing how I was also going to make a large-scale outcome. Both were positively received, but it was suggested that I potentially incorporate projections into my installations. I was going to use glittery wood chippings to represent glowing embers in the small-scale outcome but projections of flames could work well for both installations - need to do further research into this!
The afternoon was spent continuing to work on the project - I set about making the masks for the large-scale installation. I glued a photo of the women's faces to foam board and cut them out using a craft knife; still not my strongest skill but definitely less fiddly than some of the work I've had to cut out. I attached elastic to the back on the foam board with stapes to hold the mask to the face.
Reflection 09/03/20
I finished off the illustration of Margaret Thatcher this morning and combined the 3 drawings to make my illustration for 'Shaping Shapes'. I also added 'stakes' made from broomsticks so the women look like they are about to be burnt at stake. I have settled on a light pink/purpley background colour as it is complementary to the green in drawings. The background still seemed a bit plain so I decided to add an extra element. I was going to put 'The Three Witches' written in a banner but this didn't work so I trialled some different messages:
1) Are we too quick to burn the witch?
2) Woman + Power = Witch
3) Why is it when a woman is confident & powerful, they call her a witch?
I selected the 2nd message as it is short and sweet; I think it will be more memorable but still to the point. It also works well repeated in the background but I faded it a bit so it doesn't distract from the main illustrations too much.
In the afternoon, I went to the Tim Walker exhibition 'Wonderful Things' at the V&A with my friend. The exhibition didn't directly link with my project - we went because my friend wanted to but I did find the experience helpful. I was particularly drawn to a photograph of Margaret Atwood; I felt she looked a bit witch-like and led me to include Tim Walker in my research. I found some more photos including skeletons, which you would expect to be morbid subject, but Walker's art direction made the pieces seem whimsical and fairytale-like in nature. I also snapped a photo of my friend in front of one of Walker's sets - with her hat and flowers in the background, she could represent a more modern type of witch, such as those depicted in 'American Horror Story: Coven'.
My photo:
AHS: Coven
Reflection 19/03/20
I was still finishing off bits and bobs today - primarily making sure my sketchbook was up to date, as well as reorganising workflow.
Reflection 20/03/20
I started researching tarot cards today. I had collected a few decks from various occult shops so I decided to look at their designs more closely (see 'TAROT / RESEARCH'). I also found out there are also a fair few different types of tarot decks; different spreads are used by tarot card readers, and each is interpreted through symbolism and imagery, but there is no standard layout. One such deck is 'Tarot de Marseille' as Umberto had mentioned previously in a tutorial. It seems a lot older in style and David Gentleman's work for Charing Cross Underground Station is not too dissimilar. Another major deck, from which many subsequent decks are derived, is the Rider- Waite deck. I prefer the iconography shown in this deck and plan to follow its tropes.
Tarot de Marseille Examples (left)
Rider-Waite Examples (right)
Reflection 27/03/20
Today, I worked on my final illustration from the questionnaire analysis. While the other outcomes focused mainly on the words and only formed very basic shapes, I wanted to create a design that was a bit more complex and illustrative in nature. The aim was to create a stereotypical witch, using the commonalities between people's witch drawings, and each feature would be made up of the actual word (eg. a hat consisting of the word 'hat', a wart consisting of the 'word' wart etc.) The size of the word would not be proportional to its frequency this time and I could repeat words to fill the area required. I made some good headway on this today, as well as some minor sketches for my tarot cards - I don't want to start this part of the project properly until I finish everything else up to this point.
02/04/20
Felt better today so cracked on with development for my tarot cards. My research focus for the day was to investigate in greater detail the meaning of each card and I made note of the qualities and attributes each card has in my sketchbook. There are 22 cards in the major arcana so this was a fairly time-consuming task; very glad I don't have to create a full 78 card deck! The most interesting fact I learnt is that 'Death' is not the most negative card, as I had originally assumed. While it still has connotations of loss, destruction and decay, it can also represent a surprise event or a sudden/unexpected change, which doesn't necessarily have to be a negative thing. After looking at all the cards' meanings, 'The Tower' seems highly negative, representing misery, ruin, deception, adversity and calamity.
Reflection 06/04/20
I started sketching designs for my tarot cards today and managed to complete the first 7 rough sketches (from 'The Fool' through to 'The Lovers').
Reflection 08/04/20
I wanted to complete the sketches for the last eight tarot cards today (from 'Temperance' all the way through to 'The World'), which I managed to do! I haven't drawn designs yet for the back of the cards or the title card yet but I will do this later when I've decided on a colour scheme and font.
Reflection 11/04/20
I worked on the next three cards today: 'The Empress', 'The Emperor', and 'The Hierophant'. When creating the original rough sketches, I struggled with the designs of the early cards so they pretty much just follow the standard Rider-Waite Tarot tropes.
- The Empress - the usual iconography includes a crown with 12 stars, a scepter, a flowery dress, and a heart-shaped shield containing the venus symbol. I used all these features, apart from the flowery dress as I didn't want the design to become too busy and placed the 12 stars on the witch's hat instead of a crown.
- The Emperor - this card usually features a male figure, but I am using my female witch as the central character across all the cards. This displays carnivalesque inversion - elevating the often less powerful female figure to the level and importance of the male emperor. I also included the icons of the Ankh, the ram's heads and a crown in the design.
- The Hierophant - tropes associated with The Hierophant are 2 pillars (similar to those of the High Priestess), 2 followers, a 3-tiered crown, a papal cross, 2 fingers held up and crossed keys. Again, I didn't stray too far from the original design on this card.
Reflection 15/04/20
I only worked on two cards today - 'The Hanged Woman' and 'Death'.
- The Hanged (Wo)Man - this card usually features someone hanging upside down on a T-shaped cross, with their right foot tied up, but their hands behind their back, fairly relaxed. I drew my witch in this pose but had her hanging from a tree above a cauldron (links to hanging as a punishment).
- Death - here is where the Tarot de Marseille and the Rider-Waite decks particularly vary. The Rider-Waite deck features a skeleton dressed in black, riding a white horse, holding a flag above dead figures. The Tarot de Marseille still shows a skeleton but this time they are not riding a horse and are instead carrying a scythe. I changed the design up a little by featuring a witch doctor with a skull headdress, as well as voodoo doll on the flag (an alternative way to torture/kill people).
Reflection 17/04/20
I just worked on 'The Devil' card today.
- The Devil - witchcraft and the devil are often linked (take the 'Chilling Adventures of Sabrina' as an example in pop culture right now). The satanic iconography is prevalent in this card: the goat's head (Baphomet), horns, bat wings, the inverted pentagram, the Vulcan salute and the lit torch.
Reflection 20/04/20
Today, I worked on 'The Moon' and 'The Sun' cards.
- The Moon - the silhouette of a witch flying across a moon is a classic icon and I wanted to make this the focal point of this card. I also included 2 towers, a dog, a wolf and lobster, redolent of Rider-Waite tarot decks.
- The Sun - I know its water that's meant to make the witch melt in 'The Wizard of Oz' but I liked the image of the witch melting in the sun, almost like ice cream.
Reflection 23/04/20
I carried out further revisions today for 'Strength' and 'Temperance'.
Side-by-side comparisons (new design on the right):
The more ferocious lion works better than the original design, creating a stronger sense of carnivalesque inversion. The new illustration for 'Temperance' is also an improvement - she has bared herself physically and mentally.
Personal Project Proposal / Section 3 Draft 07/02/20
What were the main types of evaluation?
Peer evaluation - a type of performance evaluation that is done by one or more people of matching competencies
Self-evaluation - a way to systematically observe, analyse and value your own project and its results in order to improve it
Tutor feedback - information a teacher gives to learners on how well they are doing, either to help the learner improve specific points, or to help plan their learning
User testing - the process through which you trial your project by real users to see what they think and whether it works
How will you use these different forms of evaluation each week and timetable them into your weekly process?
I will keep a daily written record of what I have done and evaluate how effective any activities are in terms of developing or visualising my ideas. My sketchbook will also serve as a way of documenting progression and exploring new routes. I will look to my peers to see what they think of my work and whether there are areas for improvement. Tutor feedback will also play an important role, letting me know how well I am doing – it would be helpful to know if there is anything I could be doing differently, in order to enhance specific points or plan my learning further. We have class on Mondays and Wednesdays so this will be the main time to get this kind of feedback.
How will you go about defining and testing the success of your work as an ongoing part of your process?
Through peer and tutor evaluation mainly, as well as self-evaluation - if I am not happy with my own work then I will continue working on it until I am. When the project comes to an end, I intend to look back at my initial aims to see whether I have fulfilled the brief, communicating a clear message and delivering a visually intriguing outcome to the audience.
Commune / Day 2 Reflection 18/02/20
Oliva was in charge of Commune Day 2. We met in Regent's Park to have our 1 hr 'Walk + Talk' discussing her chosen topic of 'Memories'. Olivia questioned us about various memories that were significant in our lives, as well as talking about the more technical side of how we remember things.
After the initial discussion, we then went to the 'Play Well' exhibition at the 'Wellcome Collection'. I had never been to the Wellcome collection before and it looked like a lovely museum - I will definitely be visiting again! The exhibition explores how play transforms both childhood and society. Using displays of historic toys and games, artworks and design, we saw how play develops social bonds, emotional resilience and physical wellbeing. My favourite part was looking at the old toys, particularly how Barbie has changed over time. I could possibly use this within my project, looking at female perceptions of beauty and how they've evolved, much like Barbie.
After lunch, we had another discussion but this time about the objects Olivia asked us to bring with us. I brought my old toy, Ruby, and a photo of my mum and me when I was younger. Olivia interviewed me about them and recorded the session, hopefully providing her with some material so could use for her project. So then conducted another interview with Georgia about her objects. We then had a photoshoot of the objects - Olivia used an analog camera so it will be interesting to see how these turn out!
Commune / Day 3 Reflection 19/02/20
Today was my Commune day! We met at Camden Town station and walked to the Vagina Musuem - I had researched feminist exhibitions in London and this seemed to be the only one open at the moment! I honestly wasn't really sure what to expect, but it was actually a very eye-opening experience, combatting many harmful myths about a very normal part of the female body. I was interested in the relationship women have with their bodies and I was shocked to see some of the archaic 'female hygiene' products that are still on the market today, such as 'virginity soap', 'tightening cream' and 'vaginal bleach'. While we were in Camden we also had a look round the markets as Camden is known for more alternative, often gothic (potentially witchy) styles - the shop fronts on the high street were particularly quirky.
The rest of the day consisted of our 'Walk + Talk' to various occult bookshops around London (Watkins Books and Treadwell's). I picked up lots of material that could be useful for my research, as well as ephemera I could use in a collage. There were also lots of opportunities for photos and the people in the shops were really helpful! We then went back to my flat and we filled out a questionnaire I had prepared about witches and femininity, rounded off with a drawing session. It was intriguing to see what my group associated with witches and how they could link the subject to feminism. Overall, the bookshops were very enlightening about the practice of witchcraft but ultimately I found the personal perceptions of what it means to be female and witchcraft more useful towards my project.
Reflection 23/02/20
Georgia set up a google doc for us to create our commune presentation and I worked on my slides today. I found looking back on the experiences of the week to be helpful and started to research some new routes for my project.
Reflection 25/02/20
I continued on with my research for 'Shaping Shapes' today - I have chosen to pursue my idea '3 Witches' which will focus on powerful female political figures. I am intrigued by how women in power are often called 'witches'. I aim to highlight three prominent powerful women who have been fairly or unfairly associated with the term 'witch':
- Hillary Clinton - 'The Wicked Witch of the Left'
- Theresa May - ' The Wicked Witch of Westminster'
- Margaret Thatcher - 'Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead'.
I have chosen to use 3 examples, redolent of 'The Three Witches' in Macbeth, as well as many other depictions of witches.
This is not a reflection of my own political views; it is not for me to say they are a 'witch' or not - I am merely displaying how the term has been thrown around, particularly on social media, when in relation to these women. Have these women been called 'witches' to belittle them? Are people too quick to 'burn the witch'? Why aren't powerful men called 'witches'?
I have been looking at examples on social media and the news where Hillary Clinton, Theresa May, or Margaret Thatcher have been referred to as a witch. I have also been searching for a location for this installation that has some historical relevance to witchcraft; Marble Arch seems to be the best contender as it used to be a site for executions.
Reflection 28/02/20
I have just been working on 'Shaping Shapes' sketchbook work today - I have decided I would like to make numerous outcomes for this project. I will still create a large-scale outcome at Marble Arch (most likely photography based) but I want to make a small-scale installation as well which will require illustrations of the women, which I could also use to create a poster and stickers.
I have also updated my workflow with more generic 'Witch, Please.' research, not necessarily pertaining to my '3 Witches' outcomes.
I saw this poster on the way to the exhibition last night and thought it could be inspiration for when it comes to my illustrations:
I could use a more jokey, cartoony style like this, but I will most likely use a bit more of a life-like illustrative style, as my work should probably have a more serious tone; it's not necessarily comedic in nature.
Reflection 05/03/20
Today, I edited my prints from yesterday's workshop on photoshop, tidying up the print in general. I also created a second version of the prints, using the skeleton print I had made from matchsticks, as opposed to the bluetac imprint of the skeleton charm. It created a much cleaner design altogether and I prefer the second version to the original prints. I have also started on creating an animation from my prints - I want to make the flames grow from a flicker to a roaring fire but my animation skills are fairly lacking so this is taking forever!
Reflection 06/03/20
I have finished my Theresa May illustration today and overall I am happy with her likeness. I have also started on my Hillary Clinton illustration:
As before, I have been working on the face first, using varying shades of pale green to create detail and shadows, using a black outline in places. The likeness to Hillary is okay but something seems a bit off - can't put my finger on it though.
Reflection 10/03/20
Umberto led a linocut workshop today - I have never worked in lino before. While the concept is similar to what I had to do for my 'Don't be an Octopussy' prints in Part 1 of the course, the material is, of course, different (we used mountboard before instead of lino). Umberto showed us how to use basic carving tools and explained how to make two plates to create a dual-toned print. We had to draw our primary design on to our first piece of lino and carve it out, leaving the areas we wanted to be printed. After this, we would print the design onto tracing paper to create a transfer to prepare the second plate. Here are my two prepared plates:
I was very happy with the resulting prints, but it served as a reminder of how important the correct registration is (there were definitely a few prints where it was a bit off!) My carving of the plates is a bit messy at the moment and I struggled to create super-fine lines but hopefully my skills will improve with practice.
Reflection 12/03/20
I edited the photos from my shoot yesterday this morning. My photoshop skills aren't the best but I managed to edit some of the background noise out (such as cranes) to create a cleaner photo. I also managed to combine the figures into one photo, as well as trying to create passable shadows. I then messed with the hue of photo, changing it so the primary colours were green and purple. The outcome was more surreal than I had originally imagined but I liked it more than just the plain photo without the colour changes. I finalised the design in the afternoon creating a version of the large-scale outcome using the background patterns from my '3 Witches' illustration (Woman + Power = Witch).
Reflection 14/03/20
I have started to work on the small-scale outcome for 'Shaping Shapes'. I glued my illustrations of Theresa May, Hillary Clinton, and Margaret Thatcher onto mountboard then cut out the designs using a craft knife. I then created the 'stakes' using wooden dowel - I tried to glue it to the bottom of the cauldron pots but they kept falling over so I had to make foam board circles, with a small hole in the centre, to support the dowel within the pot. This meant I also didn't have to completely fill the pot completely with glittery wood chips; they just rested on top of the foam board.
Reflection 18/03/20
I used today to finish off bits and pieces before embarking on the next part of my project (tarot cards). I finished off the animation from the basic printmaking workshop (please see in 'PRINT WORKSHOPS / OUTCOMES' section). Here are a few key frames:
I also worked on the first of our mini-projects set to make sure we're working at home: 'scale'. The aim of the brief was to produce a 1m² sized image and contextualise it in a space that is suitable for the communication of your project. I struggled with this a little bit, but I started off with taping a 1m² square on my floor. My flatmates looked at me like I was mad, especially when I started creating an inverted pentagram within it. I then placed my small-scale installation for 'Shaping Shapes' within the pentagram and photographed it - I particularly liked the shadows created. The photos were edited in photoshop again to make green and purple the main colours, sticking with the colour scheme within my work so far. I then experimented with tiling (using the slice tool in photoshop to split up an image so it can be printed across multiple pieces of paper). I adapted a design from my '3 Witches' illustration and filmed myself building the large image within the square. I also took photos as I went along so I could create a frame animation to accompany the timelapse video.
Reflection 24/03/20
I started to use the information I collected through my questionnaire to create illustrations. I want the focus to be on the words themselves rather than the image as a whole - it will be more like word art than an illustration. For my first design, I took all the words people associated with the term 'witch' and formed the shape of a witch's hat. The more frequent the word was mentioned, the larger it would be within the word art; meaning that the most common word would be the most prominent in the design. Black, green and purple came up in the witch word association so I used these as my colour scheme. I then repeated the process again, but this time for the words associated with 'feminist' - I created the venus (female sex) symbol and used various shades of pink, as well as white for the font colour. Both these designs appear very simple in shape, but they would not have been possible to create within a proper analysis of the questionnaire data.
Reflection 26/03/20
I spent this morning on sketchbook work and then worked on the new idea I had for 'Scale' yesterday. I took the print outs anf patched them together to create large images. I used masking tape to hold the rows together and then stuck the rows to the windows with bluetac. I photographed the resulting images from outside my building, both during the day and at night time to see which produced the best photos. In reality, I was probably a bit far away to get decent photos, especially as I was using my phone camera, which has shit zoom! The illustrations were also tiled together a bit messily but overall I was pleased with my creativity for this idea - I would definitely consider creating a more polished outcome at some point.
I also had another idea for the 'Shadows' project. I created simple line drawing based on Fuseli's 'The Three Witches', as opposed to my '3 Witches' (Theresa May, Hillary Clinton & Margaret Thatcher). I then made a line cut out of it (I had used the silhouette method for my 'WOMAN + POWER = WITCH' cut out yesterday). I hung my design in my hallway using a very fine thread and used my iPad torch to create the shadow on the ceiling (a white surface was needed). I enjoyed experimenting with the different methods of creating shadows.
Reflection 01/04/20
Feeling unwell today, so didn't get any work done! Hopefully, I will be feeling better tomorrow so I can continue on with my tarot project.
Reflection 03/04/20
Now I am more aware of the meaning of each card, I decided to research usual iconography as well (based off the Rider-Waite deck). I noted down in my sketchbook key elements and symbols which are incorporated in a particular card and started to think about how I could represent both meaning and iconography in my designs. If a certain card had obvious connections to some aspect of witchcraft (such as 'The Devil', 'The Moon' etc.) I found it easier to come up with ideas. I looked to witch stereotypes, historical treatment of women/witches, folklore, fairytales, and other literature to serve as inspiration for the rest, but I am still struggling with a few, namely 'Hierophant' and 'Temperance' (I didn't even know what a Hierophant was until recently!) I think I will rely on the standard tropes of the Rider-Waite deck for these cards.
Reflection 07/04/20
I continued on with drawing today and completed designs for the next seven cards (from 'The Chariot' through to 'Death').
Reflection 09/04/20
Now I have a much better idea of what my cards are going to look like, I can set up document templates that I can easily insert my finished designs into, keeping the cards consistent across the deck. I am going to use Procreate to create my illustrations initially then use Photoshop to insert certain elements. The details I have used to create these documents are noted in my sketchbook. After I have completed an illustration, I will export it as a .jpg to later insert into the master InDesign document, where I will keep all of the tarot card designs. Again, I have recorded how I set up the file in my sketchbook. Today, I also decided on the exact colours I will use - my tests, as well as the chosen palette (using hexadecimal codes) are in my sketchbook. In terms of background colours, I will rotate between the 3 colours (yellow, green, then red) and continue repeating this pattern throughout the deck. I have made some typographical decisions as well, settling on the font 'Kill Switch' for the card titles and 'GhostTown' for the roman numerals (the titles will be inserted using InDesign whereas I will add the numbers in when creating the initial illustration in Procreate/Photoshop).
Reflection 13/04/20
I have been able to be a bit more creative with the illustrations for 'The Lovers', 'The Chariot' and 'Strength' - I have enjoyed working on these cards today and I am getting used to drawing in this style.
- The Lovers - I tried to think of a tale of lovers that incorporated a witch and came up with the Frog Prince. The prince had been cursed, most probably by a witch (in the 2009 film 'The Princess & the Frog' this curse came from a voodoo witch doctor). I wanted to include some tarot tropes though - the standard design for this card features an angel, so instead of giving my witch angel wings, I gave her bat wings.
- The Chariot - Unsurprisingly, 'The Chariot' card features a chariot but a black and a white sphinx, as well as a wand/baton are also commonplace. Witches travel by broom so this becomes her chair and I replaced the sphinxes with bats, almost as if they are leading her (pulling the chariot).
- Strength - I had a couple of ideas for strength. I initially thought of the witch getting crushed by a house in 'The Wizard of Oz' so imagined her showing strength by holding the house up. However, I thought this might be a bit too vague so looked to the Rider-Waite deck for inspiration. Many of the cards for 'Strength' feature a lion so that led me to 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'.
Reflection 16/04/20
I had tutorial this afternoon with Umberto, but before this, I had finished the 'Temperance' card.
- Temperance - another of the cards where I stuck to the Rider-Waite Tarot staples. My character has wings, albeit bat wings, opposed to angel wings, and is pouring liquid (water) between 2 cups.
I showed Umberto the cards I had completed so far and overall he liked the style and designs but suggested a couple of changes to improve them further. For 'The Chariot', the clouds should run in a diagonal from the bottom left to the top right to create a more dynamic composition. In 'Strength', the lion looks too 'nice' and tame - I should make it seem more ferocious, to highlight the strength. The most major change I will have to make is to 'Temperance' - Umberto stressed the importance to the card that the figure is naked, representing innocence and purity. He also thinks that 'The Lovers' might need tweaking slightly but couldn't put his finger on why. I will continue to work on the rest of the cards and make these revisions when I've completed the deck.
Reflection 21/04/20
I finally finished an illustration for all the cards today, having just completed 'Judgement' and 'The World'.
- Judgement - this card normally features an angel blowing a trumpet with naked people rising from their graves. It usually seems quite jubilant, as if they're being called up to heaven. As witches as more closely associated with hell, I subverted the imagery and had the witch, with bat wings, condemn the people to the fiery pit below.
- The World - I didn't use much of standard iconography for 'The World'. I drew my witch with her hands over a crystal ball, which contains the world, in order to symbolise that the future of the world lies in her hands.
Looking at my deck of tarot cards, I am very happy with their appearance so far - the colours are bright and attention-grabbing, the style is blocky, angular and bold, and there are lots of links to witchcraft, and even feminism, within the designs. I just need to make a few revisions over the next few days, as well as creating a pattern for the back of the cards and designing a title card. I feel my project may be nearing completion.
Reflection 24/04/20
I have a couple of last things to complete: the title card and the pattern for the back of the cards.
I want the title card to fit with rest of the cards, featuring angular lines, as well as the key information. I have created 3 versions:
While I like the designs with the illustrations, I think the simpler version with just text is the best option - it introduces the deck, utilising the style I have developed, without giving everything away.
I wanted to continue this jagged, angular star pattern on the back of the cards - here are 5 versions I created:
I think the stars are possibly too big and bold on the first 3 designs and the last design seems too cluttered and busy so I think I will use the 4th design as a happy medium.